ABSTRACT
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, which will cause a series of symptoms to significantly reduce the health level and life quality of patients. The pathogenesis of TAO has not been fully clarified. At present, there is a lack of unified and mature treatment scheme of it. Indeed, T-helper 17 lymphocyte(Th17)cells, regulatory T(Treg)cells and their imbalance are closely related to the immunological pathogenesis of TAO. It is currently believed that the cytokines secreted by Th17 cells can not only promote the inflammatory response of TAO and the fibrosis of orbital connective tissue, but also inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of TAO orbital connective tissue. In addition, Treg cells mainly exert immunosuppressive effect on TAO and delay the disease progression. At the same time, there is a dynamic balance relationship between Th17 and Treg cells, the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells can trigger the occurrence and development of TAO. This paper mainly expounds the influence mechanism of Th17, Treg cells and their balance on TAO, and analyzes the reasons for the differences between different research results, so as to provide some reference for the study of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of TAO.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the in vivo stability of normal and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured knee joint before and after epidural anesthesia under 134 N pre-loading and evaluate the influence of muscular tension on the knee stability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight volunteers with unilateral ACL rupture and normal contralateral knee were enrolled in this study. CT (3D) images and 2 orthogonal images of the knee were captured at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° under 134 N pre-loading. The orthogonal images were used to recreate the in vivo knee positions at each of the targeted flexion angles by 2D/3D registration to analyze the tibial translation data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The anterior tibia translation of both the intact and ACL-injured knees after anesthesia was significantly different from that before anesthesia at all the angles (P<0.05). The anterior tibial translation of the intact knee after anesthesia increased by 1.7 mm at 0°, 2.7 mm at 30°, 2.6 mm at 60°, and 2.3 mm at 90°, as compare to the increase of ACL-injured knee by 4.2 mm, 2.6 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.6 mm, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The muscular tension has evident influence on the knee stability in static loading.</p>